Therapy Without a Heart: Why Even Psychologists Fall for AI 🤖

Are machines becoming better listeners? A 2025 study investigated in a scientific blind test how well Artificial Intelligence can give therapeutic advice compared to real experts. The AI used was based on the GPT-4 language model. The result is absolutely mind-blowing!

Key Facts from the Experiment:

• AI Wins on Emotions: The AI’s responses were rated significantly more empathetic than those of real therapists, especially regarding emotional and motivational empathy.
• Equal Quality: In terms of scientific quality and cognitive empathy, the AI and the experts were completely on par.
• Flying Blind: The participating psychologists could not reliably distinguish whether a text was written by the AI or a human colleague.
• The Illusion (Bias): When test subjects believed a text came from an expert, they preferred it over 93 percent of the time—regardless of whether it was actually written by a human.

Important Limitations: Despite the excitement, science puts the results into perspective:

• Not Real Therapy: The AI merely answered one-off advice column letters. This cannot replace real psychotherapy, as it lacks the foundation of a genuine therapeutic relationship and human trust.
• Risk of Loneliness: Those who get too used to an always-agreeing AI might struggle with human conflicts in real life. A longitudinal study suggests that excessive use of AI for social companionship can actually make people lonelier in the long run.
• Data Privacy: Currently, highly intimate problems are often processed on the servers of large tech companies, which poses a clear privacy risk.

Despite these limitations, the development is rapid: Around 22.2% of 18- to 21-year-olds in the US already turn to AI for emotional distress. Furthermore, initial studies show that special AI therapy bots are already showing success in alleviating symptoms of depression and anxiety.

📚 Sources:

Main Study (Blind Test AI vs. Experts): Föyen, L. F. et al. (2025). Artificial intelligence vs. human expert… Internet Interventions, 41.

Therapy Chatbot (Therabot Study): Heinz, M.V. et al. (2025). Evaluating therabot: a randomized control trial… NEJM AI.

Longitudinal Study (AI & Loneliness): Folk, D., & Dunn, E. How does turning to AI for companionship predict loneliness and vice versa? (Preprint).

Usage Frequency Survey: McBain, R.K. et al. (2025). Use of Generative AI for Mental Health Advice Among US Adolescents and Young Adults. JAMA Network Open.

#ArtificialIntelligence #Psychology #ComfortWithoutAHeart #Science #Psychotherapy #ChatGPT #Therabot

ADHD Meds: Why the “Limitless” Effect is Just an Illusion! ADHD Pills for Healthy People? The Placebo Effect is Stronger Than the Drug! 

Many students and high-performers turn to ADHD medications like Adderall to boost their cognitive performance. But does it really do anything if you don’t actually have ADHD? A fascinating study from the University of Alabama shows: The effect is mostly in your head!

🔬 The Study (Cropsey et al., 2017): Researchers used a so-called “Balanced Placebo Design” with 32 healthy students (non-ADHD). The twist: There were four scenarios. Participants either received the real medication (Adderall) or a placebo, but were sometimes told the truth and sometimes lied to (“Here is your pill,” even though it was sugar, and vice versa).

🧠 The Tests: Participants had to complete a whole series of cognitive tests, including:

Memory: Remembering words (CVLT-II) and number sequences (Digit Span).

Attention: The “Connors Continuous Performance Task” (CPT) – staying focused over time and reacting to specific signals.

Verbal Fluency: Quickly finding words starting with specific letters (COWAT).

Executive Functions: Multitasking and planning (Trails A/B, Stroop Test).

📉 The Results:

No Super-Intelligence: The medication failed to improve performance in 29 out of 31 tests. There were only minimal improvements in very simple tasks (like remembering the first few words of a list).

The Power of Belief: Those who believed they had taken the medication (regardless of whether they actually did) showed better long-term memory and attention performance than those who thought they had taken a placebo.

Subjective Delusion: Those who believed they were “on drugs” rated their own performance much higher – regardless of their actual results.

Conclusion: For healthy people, these medications offer hardly any objective advantage for complex tasks. The “boost” many feel is often just the placebo effect – the mere expectation that you are now more powerful.

Research:

Buergler, S., Sezer, D., Bagge, N., Kirsch, I., Locher, C., Carvalho, C., & Gaab, J. (2023). Imaginary pills and open-label placebos can reduce test anxiety by means of placebo mechanisms. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 2624.

Cropsey, K. L., et al. (2017). “Mixed-amphetamine salts expectancies among college students: Is stimulant induced cognitive enhancement a placebo effect?” Drug and Alcohol Dependence.

Esposito, M., Cocimano, G., Ministrieri, F., Rosi, G. L., Di Nunno, N., Messina, G., … & Salerno, M. (2021). Smart drugs and neuroenhancement: what do we know?. Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark, 26(8), 347-359.

Whitehurst, L. N., Morehouse, A., & Mednick, S. C. (2024). Can stimulants make you smarter, despite stealing your sleep?. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 28(8), 702-713.

Winkler, A., & Hermann, C. (2019). Placebo-and nocebo-effects in cognitive neuroenhancement: when expectation shapes perception. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 498.

The Psychology Trick You’re Probably Already Falling For…

In this video, we explore the intriguing concept of the “ego trap”—an influence technique that leverages the idea that people are more likely to agree when it affirms their positive qualities. We examine the recent study “Egotistic Trap as a Social Influence Technique” by Dolinski, Grzyb, and Kulesza (2023), which provides a detailed analysis of this approach.

The study highlights just how powerful this technique can be: In one experiment, 52.4% of participants agreed to take part in a survey when they were told it was aimed at intelligent people—a significant increase compared to 32.7% in the control group. In another experiment, the willingness to have cars inspected at official workshops rose from 56.7% to 71.7% when participants were told, “reasonable customers have their cars officially inspected.”  There’s also an alternative version of the ego trap that might be even more effective…

Yoga is not just about physical fitness—it’s a powerful tool for mental health. A 2024 study by Yadla et al. explored the effectiveness of yoga as an addition to traditional treatments for panic disorders. This randomized controlled trial revealed fascinating insights.

The study involved 64 participants divided into two groups. One group followed standard treatments like medication and cognitive-behavioral therapy, while the other incorporated a structured 12-week yoga program. The yoga sessions included breathing techniques (Pranayama), mindfulness meditation, and physical postures (Asanas), all designed to address both mental and physical symptoms of panic disorders.

Results showed that participants in the yoga group experienced significantly greater reductions in anxiety (measured by the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale) and improvements in quality of life (evaluated using the WHOQOL-BREF). The yoga group demonstrated substantial progress in psychological resilience, social engagement, and environmental satisfaction. This research highlights how integrating yoga into conventional therapy can provide a holistic approach to managing panic disorders (Yadla et al., 2024).

Can simply imagining a better future truly attract your dream partner, wealth, and happiness? While the idea of manifestation has taken the world by storm, the science behind it tells a different story. New research by Dixon, Hornsey, and Hartley (2023) reveals a shocking truth: believing in the power of manifestation may actually increase your risk of going bankrupt. And that’s not all—earlier studies by Gabriele Oettingen (2016) suggest that while positive fantasies can make you feel good in the short term, they might lead to depression in the long run.

Discover the hidden dangers of manifesting your dreams, backed by hard science. Watch now before you make your next vision board!

Featured Studies:

– Dixon, L. J., Hornsey, M. J., & Hartley, N. (2023). “The Secret” to Success? The Psychology of Belief in Manifestation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin.

– Oettingen, G. (2016). Positive Fantasies: A Fast Track to Depression? Psychological Science.

– Pham, L. B., & Taylor, S. E. (1999). From Thought to Action: How Mental Simulations Impact Performance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin.

Dive into the research and uncover the truth behind the manifestation craze.

Every good anxiety therapy is based on numerous important learning processes. In classic behavioral therapy in particular, new learning experiences are constantly being made, which help to build up neuronal “safety networks”. The more often we learn that we are much safer in a feared situation than we thought, the deeper the corresponding safety memory traces become in our brain. So getting rid of fear actually means unlearning fear.
In this respect, it is not surprising that classic learning laws from learning psychology play a very important role in anxiety therapy…
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Studies (just a small selection):

Bandarian-Balooch, S., Neumann, D. L., & Boschen, M. J. (2015). Exposure treatment in multiple contexts attenuates return of fear via renewal in high spider fearful individuals. Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry, 47, 138-144.

Baggs, K., & Spence, S. H. (1990). Effectiveness of booster sessions in the maintenance and enhancement of treatment gains following assertion training. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 58(6), 845.

Burck, E. (2019). Angst-Was hilft wirklich gegen Angst und Panikattacken?: Die effektivsten Strategien gegen Angst und Panik aus Sicht der Forschung. BoD–Books on Demand.

Craske, M. G., Treanor, M., Conway, C. C., Zbozinek, T., & Vervliet, B. (2014). Maximizing exposure therapy: An inhibitory learning approach. Behaviour research and therapy, 58, 10-23.

Craske, M. G., Kircanski, K., Zelikowsky, M., Mystkowski, J., Chowdhury, N., & Baker, A. (2008). Optimizing inhibitory learning during exposure therapy. Behaviour research and therapy, 46(1), 5-27.

Mineka, S., Mystkowski, J. L., Hladek, D., & Rodriguez, B. I. (1999). The effects of changing contexts on return of fear following exposure therapy for spider fear. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 67(4), 599.

Gearing, R. E., Schwalbe, C. S., Lee, R., & Hoagwood, K. E. (2013). The effectiveness of booster sessions in CBT treatment for child and adolescent mood and anxiety disorders. Depression and anxiety, 30(9), 800-808.

A thought experiment:

Imagine you had to write down the following sentence:

“My mother will win a million euros in the lottery tomorrow.”

So far so simple. Now imagine you have to write down another sentence:

“My mother will die tomorrow.”

You probably found the second idea much more difficult. Because you shouldn’t write something like that. It’s best not to think something like that in the first place. Because thoughts are powerful, aren’t they?

But more and more studies suggest that the conviction (metacognition) that thoughts are powerful and uncontrollable contributes to the development and maintenance of mental disorders such as depression, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, etc. For example, anyone who is convinced that a thought such as “My mother/father could die soon.” is not just a thought, but a dark premonition that will materialize because we had this thought, with most likely feelings of anxiety, guilt and depression. If, on the other hand, we realize that thoughts are often nothing more than insignificant “brain farts”, of which we produce thousands every day, we remain relaxed and unimpressed. modern psychotherapy – especially metacognitive therapy – also makes use of these insights and achieves sometimes unprecedented therapeutic success…

Embodied cognition explains how physical states and actions can influence our thoughts and feelings. One example is how our voice can impact our well-being. Speaking in a deeper voice, for instance, can make us feel more relaxed and confident.

A study by Stel et al. (2012) supports this idea. Their research found that adopting physical characteristics associated with confidence and relaxation, such as a deeper voice, can indeed lead to an increase in those feelings. This phenomenon illustrates the powerful interplay between our physical expressions and emotional states.

In the video you will get to know several Tips, that will help you to train your voice to sound deeper and relaxed.
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Studies (just a small selection):

Costa, J., Jung, M. F., Czerwinski, M., Guimbretière, F., Le, T., & Choudhury, T. (2018, April). Regulating feelings during interpersonal conflicts by changing voice self-perception. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1-13).

Jin, W. J., & Park, S. H. (2023). Your voice pitch speaks volumes about you: How voice pitch affects mind perception of the speakers. British Journal of Social Psychology, 62(3), 1230-1250.

Motoki, K., Saito, T., Nouchi, R., Kawashima, R., & Sugiura, M. (2019). A sweet voice: The influence of cross-modal correspondences between taste and vocal pitch on advertising effectiveness. Multisensory research, 32(4-5), 401-427.

Stel, M., Dijk, E. V., Smith, P. K., Dijk, W. W. V., & Djalal, F. M. (2012). Lowering the pitch of your voice makes you feel more powerful and think more abstractly. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 3(4), 497-502.

For a long time, I suffered from severe exam anxiety. As a result, I either didn’t take important exams at all, put them off for a long time or only got through them under enormous stress (+ panic attacks). It was only when my brain understood some things better (cognitive restructuring) that exam situations became much more bearable, sometimes even downright relaxed. Watch the video to find out six of the best tips that have helped me (and many others)…

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Studies (just a small selection):

Brooks, A. W. (2014). Get excited: reappraising pre-performance anxiety as excitement. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143(3), 1144.

Bruehlman-Senecal, E., & Ayduk, O. (2015). This too shall pass: temporal distance and the regulation of emotional distress. Journal of personality and social psychology, 108(2), 356.

Bruehlman-Senecal, E., Ayduk, Ö., & John, O. P. (2016). Taking the long view: Implications of individual differences in temporal distancing for affect, stress reactivity, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 111(4), 610.

Gao, Y., Zhang, Q., He, R., Liao, J., Feng, H., Deng, H., … & Mo, L. (2022). The Influences of Social Distance on Anxiety Caused by Spatial and Temporal Distance.

Rinaldi, L., Locati, F., Parolin, L., & Girelli, L. (2017). Distancing the present self from the past and the future: Psychological distance in anxiety and depression.

Countless studies show: If you want to overcome your fear, you would do well to face it. Whether it’s a fear of spiders, dogs, lectures, heights, thunderstorms, small rooms, dental treatment, etc., as soon as we manage to shed our avoidance behavior, we can make the important experience that the feared situations are nowhere near as dangerous as we originally feared (or sometimes even fun).
But what mindset allows us to get the maximum therapeutic benefit from a confrontation? A classic study by Southworth and Kirsch (1988) with subjects suffering from agoraphobia provides exciting answers…

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Studies (small sample only):

Southworth, S., & Kirsch, I. (1988). The role of expectancy in exposure-generated fear reduction in agoraphobia. Behavior Research and Therapy, 26(2), 113-120.

Burck, E. (2019). Angst-Was hilft wirklich gegen Angst und Panikattacken?: The most effective strategies against anxiety and panic from a research perspective. BoD Books on Demand.